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Next entry: Food Saturdays: High Asparagus Season Edition Previous entry: Friday Genius Ten: “A Rare Circumstance” Edition

Non-overt, overt, and assumed feminism in pop culture

FeminismMusic

The great paradox of social justice movements is that they exist to eradicate themselves.  Think, for instance, of the abolitionist movement.  Once the goal of ending slavery was achieved, there was no more abolitionist movement.  This is what we all want for our movements.

Feminism, in particular, exists for one specific reason: to overturn the patriarchy. Should we achieve that goal, there is no more need for feminism.  Feminism---the belief that men and women are equal and that we shouldn't be constrained by stifling gender roles---will simply be accepted as fact.  In little ways, we're achieving this bit The belief that women should have the vote used to be radical feminism, and now it's probably not generally considered a "feminist" belief, but just a mainstream idea.  That's the goal. I'm not talking about "post-feminism", which is a word that basically has come to mean shoving questions about women's equality into the closet and simply accepting our half-baked patriarchy as it is.  Our goal is a post-patriarchy, where feminism isn't needed anymore. 

Which is something I thought about reading Lori's piece at Feministing and the piece that inspired it by Lara at f-word on the topic of whether or not non-overt feminism can be more radical than overt feminism, at least in pop culture.  Lara mentioned two pieces of pop culture that were feminist by virtue of simply showing women being full human beings in charge of themselves, but in genres where this has rarely, if ever, been a given.  Lori added to it by asking questions of Tina Fey's new book Bossypants, and whether or not its light feminism will reach women that overt feminism won't.

I think it's important to separate the two questions here, because what Lara is talking about is pop culture products where women's equality is assumed and doesn't have to be asserted, Tina Fey is actually a feminist but one who approaches it from a non-threatening perspective, and the feminist blogs Lori talks about are overt, threatening feminism.  I would say we need all three things.  Different approaches, different audiences, different concepts. 

I think about this a lot because I'm not only big into music, but big into music in the context of feminism.  What is interesting about Tina Fey is that she just admits what is true, which is that a woman can't put herself out there as a public figure without grappling with feminism, even if it has nothing to do with your work.  No where does this strike me as more true than when it comes to female rock musicians, at least for me as a fan who is also a feminist.  Rock music has traditionally not only been male-dominated but often notoriously misogynist, where women were expected to be sexually compliant fans but not aggressively grab the guitar themselves.  Most of rock music history has featured women fighting the man in some way, from Janis Joplin trying to use a vulnerable sexuality to endear people to her to Patti Smith deliberately adopting an androgynous pose to compete with men to the campy aesthetics of punk and New Wave to Riot Grrrl's in-your-face anger and then there's now. 

What I find so enthralling and invigorating about a lot of rock music now is that there's a creeping feeling that all this fighting and fussing has started to, well, work.  At least in indie rock, we're beginning to see women who get up on stage and do their thing with distinctly less grappling with what it means to be a Woman on Stage.  It hasn't gone away, but it's muted.  Feminism has become less a weapon for women to assert themselves and more a fact.  Women don't have to apologize for themselves in their stage presence or music, nor do they have to scream at The Man in order to earn the right, nor do they have to downplay their femininity or ramp it up in a comical way.  I'm just seeing a lot more women simply be themselves in a way that was always something men got to do without question.

Occasionally, the fighting feminist in me gets a little upset.  "Why," I will think, "Do I see so many women in bands and pretty much never are they screaming about sexism?  I would like some of that."   I have a concern, of course, because we still need feminism.  There are still a lot of sexist douchenozzles to fight in the rock music world, believe you and me. Is the lack of overt feminism from women a capitulation?  I don't think that it is, but I can see that for the audience it might end up functionally being one, because you don't have a soundtrack to the anger that women still very much need.

And yet....and yet I'm so happy when I see women who don't seem to feel pressure from sexist douchenozzles.  In a way, having women be able to get up there and do their thing without having to fight sexism while they're at it means that the sexists have lost a whole lot of power.  It's true, also, that in the past decade I've seen a distinct shift in the way male audiences react to female musicians.  When I was a wee girl going to shows, and there were women on stage who had a dominate presence either in numbers or because they were playing in ways that had been previously owned by men, you would see men just not handling it left and right.  It wasn't the comments about fuckability per se---sex appeal is part of being a rock musician---but perhaps that these were the sole comments and were often issued in a highly personal way that gave no credit to the woman for being a conscious performer but instead sounded more like something you'd say about someone standing at the bar. 

But it was more than that.  It was the tension.  You can just tell when a lot of people in the audience suddenly feel lost and put off and suddenly don't know how to conduct themselves graciously, and that was always an element when I saw female-dominated bands playing throughout much of my youth.  It was often more exhausting, because you could feel the emotional energy of men trying in vain not to be intimidated and failing, often fueled by alcohol that lowered their inhibitions on saying stupid shit that demonstrated their internal bullshit struggles.  And then it seems that the fog started to lift, and I still credit Sleater-Kinney with this, though I never got through their shows without a few uncomfortable encounters with threatened dudes.  But the last time I saw them, it was minimal.  And when I saw Wild Flag, it was non-existent. Maybe I'm just oblivious now, but I doubt that.

Now I can get through entire shows where women are equal to or outnumber men on stage and no one seems to give a flying fuck.  And this is both in New York and in Austin.  It's like all of a sudden Dudes Who Like Rock Music realized there wasn't anything scary or intimidating about women having equal access to the stage.  Like Wednesday night, I saw Cansei De Ser Sexy and towards the end of the show I realized that while most of the band is female, and they conduct themselves exactly how they want without any overt contending with the strictures of femininity, and they have lyrics that are witty and often irreverent about sex, I didn't hear one threatened comment or see one dude doing the "I'm feeling threatened and that's compromising my ability to appear relaxed or god forbid dance" manuever.   And that this is typical of my experiences lately.  I think the only reason I thought about it at all was that the lead singer was wearing a very 90s looking outfit and it made me think about how much has changed since then.  Men and women in the audience were experiencing the same show.  I don't know how else to put it.  They saw the band through the same eyes, and they had fun.  It was everything I've ever wanted for women who take the stage and rock out, and those of us who are in the audience and just want to enjoy seeing other women be awesome without having to contend with some dudes and their issues over that. 

I can see the dangers in this, which is that when you get into spaces or TV shows or books where the world we're fighting for is finally coming into being, that is more of a fantasy than a reality.  Rock shows are breaks from the real world, as are TV shows, and there's always a danger that if you think that this fantasy is your reality outside you won't have the gumption to fight.  But there's also a flip of it.  It can breed entitlement, the good kind.  If you're used to women being completely accepted as-is in the way men are, and then suddenly you encounter some sexist bullshit, it sticks out.  You are now having something taken away from you, and that can often create a bigger, angrier reaction. The problem with fighting sexism when it's the status quo is that it's hard to imagine what a world without it would be like.  Having even fantasy or temporary spaces where equality is closer to a reality gives us a goal to fight for.

Plus, you know, it's our goddamn right.  I want my entertainments to be fucking entertaining.  I want a break from my realities.  I want to go to a show or watch TV without having something or someone piss me off with their sexist bullshit.  That alone is an argument for what Lara and Lori are calling non-overt feminism, but I'm going to call assumed feminism. I want someone to be able to sing a love song to me without it being full of fucked up gender assumptions.  And I---we all---deserve that.

To be clear, because I know people are going to say this but you are mistaken, I'm not saying there's no sexism in rock music.  As noted, there are so many sexist pigs, it's not even funny.  Hipsters and dudebro bullshit continues to go strong. But the quick assumption that women on stage in dominant roles is not normal and therefore threatening and must be reacted to in some intimidated way?  It's not like it was, by a long stretch.  "Women can play rock music" is getting closer to where "women can vote" is right now.  Doesn't mean there aren't other forms of sexism that need to be addressed, but just that this one strain is finally fading.

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Posted by Amanda Marcotte on 05:47 PM • (29) Comments

Never got the whole “girls don’t know how to rock thing” myself. There are so many super talented women in all genres of popular music, it just doesn’t make sense. I understand that there are simply more men than women involved (total numbers-wise), but I think that’s changing and maybe that’s effecting the attitudes as well. The more women you have doing it, the more normal and non-threatening it seems?

Comment #1: Mark  on  05/13  at  06:54 PM

What behaviors do men exhibit at rock shows that make it clear that they’re threatened? For instance: “dude doing the “I’m feeling threatened and that’s compromising my ability to appear relaxed or god forbid dance” manuever.” What does that look like? I’m so not in the culture you’re talking about, so I’m having trouble envisioning the specifics, and I think the specifics are pretty interesting.

Comment #2: Amphigorey  on  05/13  at  07:51 PM

Anecdote (not data): Back in the 80s, I saw Pylon play a bunch of times at different venues in NYC (mostly at Peppermint Lounge). They had a front-woman, and she was kicke-asse, and I never got the slightest sense that there was any sort of issue with her femaleness. Could things have gotten better in the 80s and then worse again since then?

Comment #3: PhysioProf  on  05/13  at  07:59 PM

@ PhysioProf ... Didn’t someone write a book about that? It’s title is right on the tip of my tongue.

Comment #4: chingona  on  05/13  at  08:10 PM

While this may be true for rock music (I have no idea) I imagine other genres of popular music remain more sexist than not.  Of course,  what the radio plays =/= all music.

Comment #5: John Joel Glanton  on  05/13  at  08:13 PM

I have always been surprised that Jazz has been a complete sausage fest throughout its history. Yeah, there are some spectacular female vocalists, and I certainly don’t want to discount their talents and innovations (like Anita O’Day refusing to wear evening gowns and being in one of the first racially integrated bands), but can you name one woman instrumentalist who has reached canon status? Even second- or third-tier canon status? I can’t.

A genre based on improvisation and experimentation theoretically should be more open to a wide range of people contributing instrumental talent. It’s odd how art can be so groundbreaking in some areas and so compartmentalized in others. By gender demographics, jazz falls way behind rock, classical, folk, etc.

Comment #6: Proboscidea  on  05/13  at  08:26 PM

What’s cool is that, even though I’m unfamiliar with the music context, I know exactly the thing you’re talking about.  It’s not just rock where its happening.

Comment #7: bomberE  on  05/13  at  09:17 PM

Now I can get through entire shows where women are equal to or outnumber men on stage and no one seems to give a flying fuck.  And this is both in New York and in Austin.  It’s like all of a sudden Dudes Who Like Rock Music realized there wasn’t anything scary or intimidating about women having equal access to the stage.

Exactly.  I remember being so surprised when my now-hubby and his friends were gushing about the Cardigans and Bjork when we first started hanging out, because I wasn’t used to guys giving female musicians the time of day.  I’m happy with this development.

Comment #8: April  on  05/13  at  09:52 PM

I have always been surprised that Jazz has been a complete sausage fest throughout its history. Yeah, there are some spectacular female vocalists, and I certainly don’t want to discount their talents and innovations (like Anita O’Day refusing to wear evening gowns and being in one of the first racially integrated bands), but can you name one woman instrumentalist who has reached canon status? Even second- or third-tier canon status? I can’t.

A genre based on improvisation and experimentation theoretically should be more open to a wide range of people contributing instrumental talent. It’s odd how art can be so groundbreaking in some areas and so compartmentalized in others. By gender demographics, jazz falls way behind rock, classical, folk, etc.
Comment #6: Proboscidea on 05/13 at 08:26 PM

Marian McPartland comes to mind as a woman in jazz who started kicking ass decades ago.  Terri Lyne Carrington, Carla Bley, Kandy Dolfer, there’s even trans woman representation with Jessica Williams.

But that’s not many.  Jazz definitely tends to be even more sexist than most other genres.  I wonder if it’s because its popularity is not that great, so that there are more kingmakers and fewer people who become popular despite the purists’ opinions.

Comment #9: oldfeminist  on  05/13  at  09:57 PM

Great post, Amanda. I had the same revelation at Coachella this year. With a hundred bands and 90 thousand people packed into one largish space, it became really obvious how many women were on stage and how it wasn’t a Thing for the audience. Like you, I had a moment of wanting explicit feminism, but then I though that maybe the reason it wasn’t explicit was that the women felt they had the right to be there that wasn’t going to be questioned. They belonged. Rock music is still sexist, but it really feels like all the efforts of women who came before are really paying off. Which makes the loss of Ari Up and Poly Styrene now even more tragic.

And, I have to say, my experience as a woman going to shows has changed for the better as well. Granted, I’ve been in really sexist scenes in my concert-going life, and indie rock shows tend to be more comfortable spaces to begin with, but it’s been years since I’ve had an unpleasant experience at a show.

Comment #10: elena  on  05/13  at  10:08 PM

This seems to me like a generational thing.  Most of my friends my age (I’m a punk, but quite old) still see a pretty girl on stage first, and an accomplished musician second.  It makes me think of a 60’s era parent watching Chuck Berry on TV and telling his kid, “Boy, them darkies sure can move, huh?”  The parent wouldn’t have a clue why his kid would be upset.  I’ve only seen progress in this area in younger crowds.

Comment #11: entrails  on  05/13  at  10:14 PM

Adding, no one I know would ever say anything sexist about a performer until after they left the show.

Comment #12: entrails  on  05/13  at  10:16 PM

Anecdote: I remember at one show back in, well, must have been mid-90s, both Shonen Knife and the very dudely Tar were playing. During Shonen Knife’s set, they started playing a cover of Godzilla, and I guess the notion of these tiny Japanese women stomping around onstage and making such a massive noise bugged some of the Tar fans in the audience, who started yelling things like “go back to Japan” between songs.

Comment #13: manboobz  on  05/13  at  10:19 PM

beautiful post. thank you.

Comment #14: timotimo  on  05/13  at  11:15 PM

I am a female rock musician, and I have been playing in bands since I was 15.  I’m now 26.  I don’t know if it’s just a change in the scene in my city, but it seems like there are a LOT more women in bands now then there were when I started.  When I was a teenager, I’d see another lady rockin’ it onstage and there was kind of a novelty to it.  People said that to me all the time, too: “It’s great to see a girl with a guitar onstage!”  It was nice that people were so supportive, but I’m really glad that I don’t hear that anymore, because that means it’s not uncommon.  It’s still not common enough that I’ve found like-minded women to play in bands with, but it’s come a long way.

The only real thing I’ve grappled with as a musician: getting bandmates to listen to me.  I feel lucky because the crowd I run with now does listen to me.  But in previous bands I haven’t been so lucky.

Comment #15: weenertron  on  05/13  at  11:24 PM

Also I wanted to say that this entry makes me happy, b/c it’s something you care about changing the way you wish it would, and the emotion really comes through.

Comment #16: bomberE  on  05/14  at  02:36 AM

I’ve seen this change happening in the ten years I’ve been in the comics industry.  It makes me very happy.

Comment #17: Shaenon  on  05/14  at  03:15 AM

What does that look like?

A combination of things, but the two big ones are assuming a stiff, unforgiving posture, especially if the women around you are getting down.  Added bonus if you look like someone farted.  When called on it, deny that you’re being sexist.  Say the band just sucks, even if it’s self-evidently true they don’t. 

Overbearing numbers of comments about the fuckability of the band members, with absolutely no acknowledgment that they are playing music.

Heighted vigilance to technical mistakes you would never, in a million years, apply to male musicians.

Those are the most common, with haranguing women around you for having too much fun a distant fourth.  These are all things I’ve seen disappear. 

One other thing I can say I’ve seen change dramatically over the course of my adult life is the proportion of men and women in the audience.  Used to be a woman on stage often meant a far smaller number of men in the audience.  Not so much anymore.  I’ll add that it was really unusual for men to own music by female-dominated bands when I was young—-in college, I even had to endure being mansplained to about how women just don’t have it in them to run their own bands—-but now I know lots of men who are openly fans of female bands without it being them showing off their tolerance or whatever.

I swear, Sleater-Kinney was the tipping point.  They were the first all-female band that you saw a lot of dudes get into, and after that, it stopped being so scary.

Comment #18: Amanda Marcotte  on  05/14  at  09:39 AM

I’m stoked to hear it’s changing in other ways, as well.  It seems that a lot of the girl band music in the 90s was great and embittered—-great because it’s embittered sometimes—-and now it’s focused on, well, a variety of stuff.  Which is fine.  One other thing I’ve noticed is a surge in mixed-gender bands where women are well-represented.  Used to be that a mixed gender band had women in the minority and they were often relegated to more thankless work.  Now seeing, say, a band that has a female lead guitarist even though there’s dudes right there isn’t so unusual.  Like, I think the only band I saw like that when I was young was Stereolab.  CSS is a good example: the bassist, rhythm guitarist, lead guitarist, singer, and one keyboardist are women.  The drummer and another keyboardist are men.

Comment #19: Amanda Marcotte  on  05/14  at  10:20 AM

I live in a city where the local punk scene is very mixed-gender, and I think I definitely take for granted how involved women are in our bands. I’m glad to have a name for it, this sense of assumed feminism that I feel at home, because when I visit other cities for shows all I can think is “wow, there are not a lot of girls on stage.” Maybe there is a theory of women in music in that new, small-scale bands will mirror what is acceptable in the mainstream, but one would think it would build its way up, since in practice, all bands start small.

The only issue I have frequently encountered with having to be overtly feminist in music spaces, which is possibly indigenous ONLY to punk and hardcore crowds, is defending my right to be in the crowd at all, especially when it gets rough. No one wants me there because they don’t want to hit me on purpose - but that’s the whole point.

Comment #20: Aria  on  05/14  at  11:10 AM

The thing you said about positive entitlement seems like it could apply in a number of ways.  I’m bisexual, and I live in a liberal East-Coast city where pretty much all my good friends are pro-queer or queer themselves.  I’m totally out to my family and they are completely accepting.  I almost never feel like I’m in a situation where I have to hide my sexuality.  So, yeah, it’s really jarring when I go up to my dad’s church in rural PA (fyi: my dad is a pastor but he is quite liberal on pretty much every front, but due to the struggling economy, he’s forced to work in a church where most of the congregation is quite conservative, and he hasn’t established himself enough there that he can really challenge yet that - though he plans to once he does), and when I hear people there say homophobic things, it really sticks out to me. 

Or similarly, as someone who mostly gets her queer rights news from lesbian/bi sites like AfterEllen or Autostraddle, and if not queer sites, from other liberal sites where support for queer rights is the norm, I am always shocked when I come across people on other sites and see the depths of homophobia that is still in existence.  I’m not talking about people throwing around “fag” on YouTube; I’m talking about people who honestly do still see homosexuality as a sexual perversion that will harm society.

The fact that I’m not used to it, and that I know ‘it gets better’ because I live that, makes me want to challenge those people and places where blatant homophobia still prevails that much more.  Because I can only imagine what it’s like for a queer person where those attitudes are the norm.  It was hard enough for ME to come out, and I was just dealing with people’s initial weirdness - not with scorn and intolerance.

Comment #21: Erda  on  05/14  at  01:58 PM

@Comment #18: Amanda Marcotte on 05/14 at 08:39 AM

I swear, Sleater-Kinney was the tipping point.  They were the first all-female band that you saw a lot of dudes get into, and after that, it stopped being so scary.

Yeah probably the first all female band I got into, anyhow.

Comment #22: atheist  on  05/14  at  07:28 PM

A little while ago I read Girl Power: The Nineties Revolution in Music which settled on the idea that the “non-threatening” version of feminism that trickled into the mainstream was in itself a triumph and that that version at least reached a lot more young girls and planted some small seed of rebellion. She’s crediting acts like the Spice Girls and Alanis Morisette and Meredith Brooks, who I honestly have a really hard time giving credit to, since I remember them as people who simply glommed on to an incredibly watered down riot grrl feminism as a marketing approach.

But, at the same time, from reading the awesome (and incredibly sad) Girls to the Front, I know that there was a lot of disagreement amongst riot grrls about engaging the media, with most feeling that they would never get their message right, and a small minority of others who thought that it was still worth it because it gave them a better chance of reaching girls in places that would never hear of Bikini Kill, or zines, or riot grrl at all otherwise, and I thought they had a strong point. I don’t know if, by withdrawing, they left the door open for false-hearted imitations, or if that was inevitable. I’d be curious to poll women in bands today to see who their musical influences where growing up in a post-riot grrl period—whether they still knew that music or if they had just grown up in an era where rock ‘n’ roll camps for girls was a thing and more women were involved in bands, even if they weren’t explicitly feminist.

I definitely agree that Sleater-Kinney were the breakthrough band. I think I’m about four or five years older than Amanda, and was in college right in the middle of the alternative nation, grunge, riot grrl explosion, and I really don’t remember thinking of women in bands as being a rare or odd thing amongst my peers. Kim Deal and Kim Gorden were commonly thought of as the coolest people on earth, and we’d all grown up with groups like Siouxsie Sue and the Cocteau Twins, so maybe it didn’t seem that odd. I didn’t have a chance to go to a lot of concerts back then, so experience on the ground may have been a lot different.

Also, those were all big, successful artists. It’s been the last six or seven years, living in a city with a thriving local scene that gets a lot of smaller bands where the “OMG there’s a girl on stage” thing has become most apparent. More than once I’ve heard the women on stage comment on the crowd being a total sausage fest. The reaction here is dominated by crowds of guys with cameras crowding the stage to take pictures, which…OK you like to document your scene…only I see it a lot more at shows with predominately women-led bands. I remember seeing Golden Triangle and their bass player was wearing a very loose tank blouse that kept slipping off her shoulder. By the end of the show there were so many flash-bulbs going off in the hopes of catching a glimpse of boob it looked like they had a stage full of strobe lights and flash pans.

Comment #23: Egnu Cledge  on  05/15  at  11:09 AM

There’s a line from A Scanner Darkly, in which one of the main characters says that he hopes their grandchildren will never comprehend how bad it was.  I kind of feel that way about some of the misogyny in popular culture.

Comment #24: Punditus Maximus  on  05/15  at  04:58 PM

And for my friends, it happened to be L7.  But the plural of anecdote is not data.

Comment #25: Punditus Maximus  on  05/15  at  05:01 PM

Speaking of popular culture, do feminists go to the same porn sites as everyone else, or do they generally stay away from sites such as pornhub?
Comment #23: alex on 05/15 at 08:00 AM

Why do you want to know?

Comment #26: oldfeminist  on  05/16  at  10:24 AM

Things are different. I started playing in bands in the early 90’s, and back then, a band with a woman in it was seen as a “novelty act.” And this was in the Chicago/its suburbs, a semi-liberal place. Yet women in bands were still rare. And yes, there were comments like, “She plays pretty well… for a girl.”

Thanksfully, this seems to have turned around a lot, expecially in the indie world. I am in a band with a female now, and it’s certainly not seen as odd anymore. I think it’s refreshing to have a woman in the band; it cuts down on the bro-y atmosphere and there are way less sexist jokes.

I wish it could have been like this back when I started, too, but women just weren’t allowed to back then. Not without having to deal with a bunch of crap from the dudes.

Comment #27: lightfoils  on  05/16  at  10:58 AM

Last year, my grade 8 daughter put together a band with her friends for the school talent show and played lead guitar on a cover of Black Sabbath’s paranoid. They played too loud and too fast.


I was so proud.

Comment #28: aiabx  on  05/16  at  04:31 PM

alex,
it was just part of the culture at the time, especially in the local music scene. there were a few female rockers, such as joan jett, but there were precious few in my sphere (i can think of one). point is, that attitude is not as acceptable anymore, and i’m glad. also, sleater-kinney is one of the best rock bands of the past 20 years, regardless of gender.

Comment #29: lightfoils  on  05/17  at  09:32 AM
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