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Next entry: Questions about Sarah Palin’s faith that deserve to be answered Previous entry: Happy Muslim Day, Islams!

Scalia: Not A Conservative Jurist After All

imageAfter Sarah Palin declared the existence a Constitutional right to privacy, conservatives were left with one of two options: do you stick with the consistent (if wrong) judicial philosophy of Antonin Scalia, Clarence Thomas and Robert Bork (among others) that determines a right to privacy as so much manufactured nonsense, or do you completely reverse course on over three decades of conservative talking points to make a reflexively counterproductive defense of Palin’s obviously uninformed comment?

Why the fuck am I asking?

Palin and Privacy   [Ramesh Ponnuru]

Those excerpts from Couric’s interviews give me more concerns about Biden than Palin. He seems to be under the impression that there’s a “liberty clause” in the Fourteenth Amendment (he has talked about it in Supreme Court confirmation hearings too). He misdescribes what Roe held. He seems to believe that Roe has been good for social peace and that this alleged fact justifies it as constitutional law.

Palin, meanwhile, is asked a somewhat oddly phrased question by Couric, and says, reasonably enough, that the Constitution protects a right to privacy. Now it is certainly and obviously true that the Constitution protects privacy: What else do the Third and Fourth Amendments protect, for example? There is nothing incompatible with either a pro-life point of view or originalism with saying that the Constitution protects privacy.

Clarence Thomas:

For example, in the Texas sodomy case, Thomas wrote, “...I ‘can find neither in the Bill of Rights nor any other part of the Constitution a general right of privacy,’...”

Antonin Scalia, in Lawrence v. Texas:

JIM LEHRER: What did Justice Scalia say about the right to privacy?

JAN CRAWFORD GREENBURG: Well, Justice Scalia said that this was certainly nowhere in the Constitution, and that this [sodomy] law certainly was constitutional in his view.

Robert Bork:

Bork’s major point is that Douglas did not derive the right to privacy from some pre-existing right or from natural law, but merely created a new right to privacy with no foundation in the Constitution or Bill of Rights. Bork is correct that the word “privacy” never appears in those documents. Douglas had argued, however, that the right to privacy could be seen to be based on guarantees from the First, Third, Fourth, Fifth, and Ninth Amendments. Taken together, the protections afforded by these Amendments showed that a basic zone of privacy was protected for citizens, and that it covered their ability to make personal decisions about their home and family life. In contrast, Bork argues i) that none of the Amendments cited covered the case before the Court, ii) that the Supreme Court never articulated or clarified what the right to privacy was or how far it extended, and he charges iii) that the privacy right merely protected what a majority of justices personally wanted it to cover. In sum, he accuses Douglas and the Court majority of inventing a new right, and thus overstepping their bounds as judges by making new law, not interpreting the law. Bork’s views continue to be defended by others, in politics and in the popular press.

Ponnoru gets bonus irony points for using the rationale behind Griswold v. Connecticut to make a conservative case for…well, anything, really.  Why have Republicans been nominating so many anti-conservative justices?

 

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Posted by Jesse Taylor on 11:01 PM • (40) Comments

Jesse, you’re just jealous of conservative’s solid and unchanging moral foundation, which guides every aspect of their lives, and which eliminates all ambiguity with its crystal clear focus on the difference between right and wrong. 

The same moral foundation that allows them to bend their words and their thinking into any shape needed to ensure support for the outcome they wanted all along — regardless of the facts and the circumstances…and yet be completely unable to see this dichotomy…

Comment #1: MikeEss  on  10/01  at  11:35 PM

Amendment XIV, Section 1.  Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

Maybe a “clause”, maybe a provision, maybe an element—but definitely a guarantee of due process in connection to LIBERTY.

Ponnaru’s dumbing down again.  Oh, the soft bigotry of low expectations…

Comment #2: Ereshkigal  on  10/01  at  11:59 PM

Couric misunderstood her. She was trying to say that VP candidates have a constitutional right to privacy.

Comment #3: pragmatic idealist  on  10/02  at  12:03 AM

Publius says, sort of, what Ereshkigal said, and points out that it is referred to by other judges as “the liberty clause.” Ponnuru apparently doesn’t know how to use teh google either.

Comment #4: Incertus, Nacho Daddy  on  10/02  at  12:08 AM

MikeEss,

I would just add that I think this is the main connection between the hard political right and fundamentalists. Biblical literalism requires burning out all the parts of the brain capable of registering cognitive dissonance. This makes Evangelicals perfect recruits for the Christian Coalition and other Republican agencies.

Comment #5: pragmatic idealist  on  10/02  at  12:23 AM

You had me at [Ramesh Ponnuru] .

Comment #6: Notorious P.A.T.  on  10/02  at  01:21 AM

This thing about there being no liberty clause in the 14th Amendment (thanks for giving us the text, Ereshkigal) is probably the silliest thing I’ve seen Ponnuru say. 

And I read The Party of Death cover to cover.

Comment #7: Neil the Ethical Werewolf  on  10/02  at  03:20 AM

Coming from non-US lawyer perspective, I find this blinkered ultra-focus on “Constitutional” rights in the US strange and a bit worrying.  Surely, just because a right is not written down does not mean it doesn’t exist?  The Constitution recorded rights rather than created them, non?

Fair enough, I come from a place with an unwritten constitution, so I may be talking utter rubbish.  But I rather think that both the unwritten and written constitutional traditions have things to learn from each other.

Comment #8: Katherine  on  10/02  at  05:55 AM

Katherine, I once heard an Australian law student tell me that he was happy that his country didn’t have a Bill of Rights, because it prevented people from thinking that they had no rights beyond those explicitly stated in one centuries-old document.

Comment #9: Neil the Ethical Werewolf  on  10/02  at  06:47 AM

Katherine and Neil, you ethical lycanthrope, that’s why the Ninth Amendment exists: it certainly mentions the existence of unenumerated rights.  So when someone says “The Constitution doesn’t give a right to ___________,” the correct answer is to say that unless the Constitution (and not necessarily in the Bill of Rights, but in the less-exciting main body of the document) says the government can control something, then it probably doesn’t get to.  Many people hate the Ninth Amendment, but they haven’t made it go away.

Comment #10: jon  on  10/02  at  07:26 AM

Surely, just because a right is not written down does not mean it doesn’t exist?

Surely not, Katherine.  Here is the 9th Amendment in its entirety.

“The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.”

The argument that rights don’t exist if they are not mentioned specifically is completely false.  Ignorance from a layperson with an agenda is one thing.  Supreme Court justices who say otherwise know better. 

Slightly OT, sorry:  The Court determines that a right to privacy exists.  The most basic form of privacy is bodily integrity, the right to determine what one does with one’s own body.  Therefore, laws that restrict a woman’s right to choose to end a pregnancy are unconstitutional.  Makes sense to me. 

So why can’t I smoke a joint? 

Sorry for the distraction, but this is something I’ve been wondering about ever since I learned that Roe v. Wade was based on privacy.  It applies, or should apply, to other personal decisions about one’s own body besides ending pregnancy, right?

Comment #11: RobW  on  10/02  at  07:59 AM

Oops, instead of “restrict…” I should have written “deny.”  States do put restrictions on it (no 3rd trimester abortions with exceptions, must be done by licensed doctors like any other surgery, etc.) but they can’t ban it outright.

Comment #12: RobW  on  10/02  at  08:04 AM

An objective observer could always have seen that Scalia was just as much of a ‘Judicial Activist’ as any other judges which he accused in that manner. This is simply another piece of data in support of that conclusion.

Comment #13: atheist  on  10/02  at  10:59 AM

Calling Scalia a judicial activist is way too polite. He has contempt for the law.

Comment #14: paul  on  10/02  at  11:17 AM

Ereshkigal and RobW, you win the thread. This is like a law school exam question, and it’s a gimme. I don’t quite understand how justices can just fail to *see* the 9th amendment. I mean, it’s unambiguous. It’s declarative. It’s there precisely to explain why such questions would arise from situtations such as “Hey, the Constitution doesn’t say you have a right to finish that last slice of pie, therefore, gimme pie!” and “Free speech, shmee speech, the people can be penned in by chicken wire and tear gas, right, because the Constitution doesn’t say they have a right to freedom from pain.”

Comment #15: serena kitt  on  10/02  at  11:20 AM

As Prof. Lawrence Tribe says, the strict constructionists are only strict constructionists on some issues. While Scalia is perfectly happy to demand, “show me where in the Constitution there’s an explicit right of privacy,” he’s also willing to add an executive power to suspend Habeas Corpus without requiring that to be explicitly worded.

Comment #16: Theaetetus  on  10/02  at  11:29 AM

What is it with you Americans, and your obsession with a document written a couple hundred years ago? You guys need a Charter of Rights and Freedoms, like we have in Canada. It seems to make it a whole lot easier for our Supreme Court to make decisions based on whether something is right or wrong. And when I talk about right or wrong, I’m talking about harm. A law that harms people is wrong. Restricting human rights causes harm, and is therefore wrong. Discrimination causes harm, and is therefore wrong. Your eminent domain laws cause harm, and are wrong.

Comment #17: JPlum  on  10/02  at  11:30 AM

In a way it is inaccurate to call Scalia a “judge”, because he is not an evaluator of and an arbiter between differing views.  Scalia is more accurately described as an advocate with judicial authority.  Like every advocate he puts the best spin he can on the case he seeks to make, and minimizes, criticizes, demeans, or, if necessary, ignores facts and arguments which run contrary to his desired outcome.

The essential nature of what he does is the reason, I believe, that scholars will look back at Scalia with a certain degree of disdain, seeing a superb intellect lost in partisan single-mindedness, hostility and hypocrisy.

Me, personally, I think that there is a bit of the internet troll* in Scalia.  He loves to shout, “I win!” whether his argument is solid or not, and is contemptuous of the views of others while bemoaning how uncivilized everybody else is.

* - http://seeker6079.blogspot.com/2008/02/how-to-identify-troll-beginners-guide.html

Comment #18: seeker6079  on  10/02  at  11:39 AM

What is it with you Americans, and your obsession with a document written a couple hundred years ago? You guys need a Charter of Rights and Freedoms, like we have in Canada

Uh. We have that, it’s called the Bill of Rights, and it’s attached to—wait for it—the fucking Constitution.

Our problem is not the Constitution, it’s the nutjobs whose idea of a “charter of rights and freedoms” runs like this: “I have the right and the freedom to fuck you and your friends over whenever it’ll make me money/help me kiss Jesus’s ass. You have the right and freedom to shut the fuck up and take it.”

Comment #19: Well, what?  on  10/02  at  12:17 PM

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is based on the same body of law as our Constitution, dumbass.  The serve the identical purpose.

Comment #20: Helen H  on  10/02  at  12:34 PM

Oops, Well, what?‘s answer is better and more polite.

Comment #21: Helen H  on  10/02  at  12:35 PM

In a way it is inaccurate to call Scalia a “judge”, because he is not an evaluator of and an arbiter between differing views.  Scalia is more accurately described as an advocate with judicial authority.  Like every advocate he puts the best spin he can on the case he seeks to make, and minimizes, criticizes, demeans, or, if necessary, ignores facts and arguments which run contrary to his desired outcome.

Scalia said as much in his interview with Charlie Rose a few months ago when he said that it’s ridiculous to think one justice is going to persuade another during deliberations.  Each judge’s view as fixed by years of experience, he said.

There’s mountains of direct evidence to the contrary, of course, including writings by other, seemingly more open-minded justices, describing how and why their views evolved over time.

Scalia’s egotistical pronouncement that his views don’t change reveals the arrogance that is fundamental to his personality.  He figured everything out years ago, and no argument or evidence is ever going to dissuade him.  The very antithesis of a what you’d want in a jurist.

Comment #22: ummeli  on  10/02  at  12:36 PM

I like having the “loose prolixly of rights” (Judge Marshall, McCulloch v. Maryland) that the Constitution provides.  Otherwise, some government function might start thinking they’re allowed to, I don’t know, hold people for up to 120 days without bail or charging them on suspicion of being part of terrorist organization.  (Or at least, that’s the theory *sigh*).

I wouldn’t be throwing stones if I was from England.

I also wouldn’t be throwing stones if I was from Australia or Canada either.  The fact of that matter is that no country, not even any democratic country has it down perfectly, and some things work differently for some country.  In the US, we’re about as context-less a society one can get (without being Germany), so we have a legal system that likes to go back to black law and precedent.

Comment #23: Antigone  on  10/02  at  12:38 PM

I am really interested in Palin’s privacy answer, esp. in light of her failure to name “dred scott” as a S.Ct. decision she does not agree with.  I think that those are the litmus test for fundie bona fides, and she failed it.  I think she’s a phony fundie. 

And I think there is a chance that, if the embarassment continues, some of the fundies who are starting to feel ridiculous defending her are going to seize on that to signal to mccain he can cut her loose without offending them.

Comment #24: sophie brown  on  10/02  at  01:01 PM

what ummeli said, with one addition.

The comment by Scalia not only reveals him for exactly what he is (and what other, better judges aren’t), as ummeli correctly notes.  It also reveals the colossal egotism and narrow-mindedness of the man in that he is sending the clearly implied message is that he is what judges should be. 

In a way, one could use Scalia’s argument to add two more liberal judges to the court.  A Dem president just has to shrug and say, “well, Scalia is clear that he’s pretty much going to take the right-wing GOP line on every case, regardless of the facts, law and precedent.  Fine.  I won’t stoop to his level by appointing equally partisan judges, but the least I can do is make sure that the court gains two votes of two skilled, open-minded judges to balance his bought-and-paid for one vote”.

Perhaps the first place to look?  Some of the GOP judges that have come out with brave decisions against Bush.  Others will have ideas but the one that springs to my mind is the one that decided the Dover PA “intelligent design” case.

Comment #25: seeker6079  on  10/02  at  01:03 PM

I’d just note that when the Charter of Rights and Freedoms came in (1982) Canadian judges often and openly turned to American jurisprudence for guidance in how to apply a written, constitutional bill of rights.  It would have been weird to pretend that almost 200 years of experience wasn’t applicable to our new processes.  (Note to America-firsters who freak Freak FREAK! at American judges looking at foreign jurisprudence: being foreign isn’t catching!  The judges won’t be any less American, they’ll just have a bit more perspective!)

Comment #26: seeker6079  on  10/02  at  01:11 PM

Scalia’s not actually a terrible person.  Well, okay, he’s a total asshole, and on most levels that define “terrible person” he qualifies.  But as a justice, he’s not particularly worse than most, he’s just more conservative than most.

He has an internally consistent judicial philosophy, which has resulted in him siding with liberal justices on a few issues (4th amendment issues come to mind).  I don’t want him on the Court, and I certainly don’t want him guiding the legal philosophy of a future president, but he’s not a complete hack advancing the right wing agenda however he can.  And he does actually respect precedent about as much as he purports to, which is probably why Roe is still good law.  So.  I think Scalia gets bashed for some things he’s not guilty of.  Still, right-wing lunatic.

At least he knows the basis of his right-wing lunacy.  My jaw actually dropped when Palin said there’s a right to privacy in the Constitution.  I guess it’s expected from someone who can’t remember Dred Scott or even Bush v. Gore.  Or even *other* cases that get pro-lifers in a tizzy like Casey, for chrissakes.

Comment #27: Ferox  on  10/02  at  01:13 PM

Actually Ferox, a couple of conservative circuit court judges disagree with you about the consistency of Scalia’s conservatism: http://www.southernledger.com/ap/179543/Conservative_judges_fault_Scalia_opinion_on_guns

And I don’t know how anyone could find Bush v. Gore consistent with any judicial philosophy, since the decision declares that it should have no value as precedent which is—unprecedented, for lack of a better word.

I had encounters with Scalia back around the time he was elevated to the court, and I know he prides himself on being a likable guy, and I know he’s friends with Ruth Ginsburg and all that, but he’s an unprincipled jerk in my opinion.

Comment #28: sophie brown  on  10/02  at  01:24 PM

I don’t quite understand how justices can just fail to *see* the 9th amendment. I mean, it’s unambiguous. It’s declarative.

Robert Bork famously compared the 9th Amendment to an inkblot on the Cosntitution.  Not being a right wingnut, I can’t give you a definitive explanation, but I think what he means is that rights not explicitly mentioned in the constitution are unknowable, and that unconstrained judicial power to declare “rights” not mentioned in the constituiton is inconsistent with democracy. 

I don’t agree with Bork at all, but I have to concede that we lefties have an epistemological problem.  The founders were believers in natural law—Jefferson thought that we were endowed by the creator with unalienable rights.  That hasn’t been a respectable view among among jursiprudential philosphers for a century or so—the law is a human creation, not some kind of “brooding omnipresence in the sky” (O.W. Holmes’ words).  Only fundies and extreme militant Catholics believe in a “natural law” which ought to control secular law today—but of course, those people think the “right to privacy” tramples all over natural law about abortions, birth control and same-sex sex. 

But if rights don’t come from god, and aren’t specified in the constitution, where do they come from?  Prof. Berube suggests intuition—see:

http://crookedtimber.org/2008/09/29/more-untimely-stuff-about-disability/

I’m not completely happy with that result, but I’m not sure I have a better answer.

Comment #29: rea  on  10/02  at  01:27 PM

Ferox:

Bush v Gore knocks the bottom out of your argument.  If that doesn’t then the blatant disrespect shown to Congress in the recent pay discrimination case applies, as does the blatant disrespect shown to juries in the Exxon Valdez decision.  All three were significant, landmark tests of his stated, repeated, supposedly “internally consistent judicial philosophy” and in each case he chose ideology over consistency and philosophy.

Comment #30: seeker6079  on  10/02  at  01:30 PM

“The founders were believers in natural law—Jefferson thought that we were endowed by the creator with unalienable rights.”

Well, not “unalienable”, but “shouldn’t be alienated”. They knew that the rights could be taken away at whim by the government, which is why they were having a revolution in the first place.

Comment #31: Theaetetus  on  10/02  at  01:55 PM

Well, not “unalienable”, but ”shouldn’t be alienated”.

Uh, no, Theaetetus, “unalienable”

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

Comment #32: rea  on  10/02  at  02:03 PM

... Yes, rea, I know what the words say. Now, please think about what they mean and how that meaning relates to my post. If you still don’t get it, let me know and I’ll return to spell it out in excruciating detail.

Comment #33: Theaetetus  on  10/02  at  02:24 PM

... Yes, rea, I know what the words say. Now, please think about what they mean and how that meaning relates to my post. If you still don’t get it, let me know and I’ll return to spell it out in excruciating detail.

I know exactly what you mean, Theaetetus, and you’re wrong (as well as presumptuous for “correcting” Jefferson’s prose).  What Jefferson meant was that these rights could not be “alienated”—surrendered or given away—through any social compact that created the state.  Not should not, but could not.  George III could violate those rights, but not take them away.  Jefferson, being an 18th Century believer in natural law, did not believe that rights were the creation of the state.

Comment #34: rea  on  10/02  at  02:40 PM

In a way, one could use Scalia’s argument to add two more liberal judges to the court.  A Dem president just has to shrug and say, “well, Scalia is clear that he’s pretty much going to take the right-wing GOP line on every case, regardless of the facts, law and precedent.  Fine.  I won’t stoop to his level by appointing equally partisan judges, but the least I can do is make sure that the court gains two votes of two skilled, open-minded judges to balance his bought-and-paid for one vote”.

I truly wouldn’t mind having Scalia on the court if it helped foster a lively and rigorous jurisprudence.  But for every Scalia on the court we should have a Laurence Tribe to balance him (or her) out.  Scalia is brilliant, but arrogant and misguided.  (Thomas is another story, as he is about as qualified for the SCt as Palin is for the vice presidency.)

Comment #35: ummeli  on  10/02  at  02:53 PM

Jefferson most assuredly did not believe that rights could never be transferred or taken away, and that King George was merely “violating” them, rather than actually depriving people of their lives, liberty, and property.
The fact that that term is neither in the Constitution nor even the Articles of Confederation is significant and can’t simply be ignored to make a claim that Jefferson and the other Founders believed that rights could never be taken away. Instead of looking merely to the preamble of the Declaration, look at the 5th Amendment: life and liberty may be taken away, not just “violated”, provided there is due process of law.
These rights that are inherent in all people are not immune to government action. Otherwise we wouldn’t need limits on the government. They are fragile and easily, though not justly, taken away. This is what the Founders thought about them.

Finally, regarding presumption… You seem to think that I believe that the government gives us rights. That’s entirely wrong and unjustified - I thought my view would have been obvious from my earlier post.
But seriously - “presumptuous for ‘correcting’ Jefferson’s prose”? I mean, really?

Comment #36: Theaetetus  on  10/02  at  03:13 PM

While Scalia is perfectly happy to demand, “show me where in the Constitution there’s an explicit right of privacy,” he’s also willing to add an executive power to suspend Habeas Corpus without requiring that to be explicitly worded.

Actually, in Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, he joined Justice Stevens in dissent by asserting that the majority decision didn’t go far enough in smacking down the executive’s claim to that power.  He even got all Magna Carta about it.  Now, Congress is apparently free to suspend it, so he’s probably okay with the Military Commissions Act.  And he seems to think habeas only applies to citizens anyway, so we again see him going off the rails of a plain reading of the text.  But his Hamdi opinion is still a worthy one, especially when contrasted with Thomas, who did assert executive power to suspend the Writ.

Comment #37: mds  on  10/02  at  05:15 PM

Theaetetus, you’re conflating two ideas.  Jefferson most assuredly did belive that rights could never be transfered.  That is what “unalienable” (actually “inalienable”) means in the law—you can’t sell it.  But to have a right, even a fundamental one, is not the same thing as to have an unlimited right.  Jefferson presumably believed there was a fundamental right to life, but that didn’t mean in his view that the state could never justly put someone to death.  That is the point of the Due Process Clause in the Fifth Amendment.

This is the point of the concept of “inalienable rights”—Jefferson wasn’t saying this right can never be violated.  Duh.  Nor was he saying this right is absolute—even Jefferson believed in some role of government power over the citizenry.  But what he said in the Declaration is that these rights cannot be surrendered or bargained away—even voluntarily.  You cannot make a pact with the king that he has total control over your life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness and can terminate them **without cause.**  This is important because of the widely accepted theory of the Social Contract extant at the time whereby it was posited that people did contract to give up their rights to a king in order to have civil order.  Jefferson says even if you wanted to do that, you’re not allowed.  And concommitantly, even if the colonists **had** done that, the Revolution was still justified, because the crown was repressing the colonists even though they consented.  Their consent was not valid.

Comment #38: Cliffy  on  10/02  at  05:54 PM

Yeah, Cliffy, that’s kinda what I said, and it’s quite unlike “George III could violate those rights, but not take them away.”

Comment #39: Theaetetus  on  10/02  at  05:57 PM

“I wouldn’t be throwing stones if I was from England.

Um, I wasn’t throwing stones.  Or at least, I wasn’t intending to. Sorry if it came off that way.

In the UK, we have been slowly moving towards a postive-rights model, rather than the current negative-rights model.  That is, in my opinion, a Good Thing.

Having said that, there do seem to be some potential pitfalls to the positive-rights model - one of which appears to be this tendency to think rights exist and arise because of the relevant piece of paper, rather than just being evidenced by the piece of paper, and consequently perhaps therefore limiting their scope strictly to the contents of the piece of paper.

I was not fully aware of the role of the 9th Amendment, so thanks for educating me.

Comment #40: Katherine  on  10/02  at  07:28 PM
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